![]() They are separated by a diagonal band of semimetals. Metals are located on the left of the periodic table, and nonmetals are located on the upper right. Semimetals exhibit properties intermediate between those of metals and nonmetals. The elements can be broadly divided into metals, nonmetals, and semimetals. Some of the groups have widely used common names, including the alkali metals (group 1) and the alkaline earth metals (group 2) on the far left, and the halogens (group 17) and the noble gases (group 18) on the far right. Elements that exhibit similar chemistry appear in vertical columns called groups (numbered 1–18 from left to right) the seven horizontal rows are called periods. The periodic table is an arrangement of the elements in order of increasing atomic number. As expected, semimetals exhibit properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals. Most solid nonmetals are brittle, so they break into small pieces when hit with a hammer or pulled into a wire. Nonmetals can be gases (such as chlorine), liquids (such as bromine), or solids (such as iodine) at room temperature and pressure. Nonmetals, in contrast, are generally poor conductors of heat and electricity and are not lustrous. Of the metals, only mercury is a liquid at room temperature and pressure all the rest are solids. ![]() The vast majority of the known elements are metals. Metals-such as copper or gold-are good conductors of electricity and heat they can be pulled into wires because they are ductile they can be hammered or pressed into thin sheets or foils because they are malleable and most have a shiny appearance, so they are lustrous. The distinction between metals and nonmetals is one of the most fundamental in chemistry. As you might expect, elements colored in gold that lie along the diagonal line exhibit properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals they are called semimetals. The heavy orange zigzag line running diagonally from the upper left to the lower right through groups 13–16 in divides the elements into metals (in blue, below and to the left of the line) and nonmetals (in bronze, above and to the right of the line). The semimetals lie along a diagonal line separating the metals and nonmetals. The metals are on the bottom left in the periodic table, and the nonmetals are at the top right. Standard conditions: are standard sets of conditions for experimental measurements defined as a temperature of 273.\) The Periodic Table Showing the Elements in Order of Increasing Z Ionic radii: the average distance from the center of the nucleus to the edge of its electron cloud Oxidation state: a number assigned to an element in chemical combination which represents the number of electrons lostĪtomic radius: the average distance between a nucleus and its outermost electron Ionization energy: the energy required to remove an electron from the valence shell of a gaseous atomĮlectron affinity: the energy change that occurs when an atom gains an electronĮlectronegativity: a measure of the ability of an atom to attract the electrons in a bond Valence electron: an outer shell electron that can participate in chemical bonds Malleability: the ability of a metal to be hammered into shapesĭuctility: the ability to be pulled or drawn into wires Non-metals have small atomic radii and large ionic radii.Non-metals have high ionization energy, high electron affinity, and high electronegativity.Non-metals are poor conductors of heat and electricity because they do not easily give up electrons.Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.Metals have a large atomic radius and small ionic radius.Metals have low effective nuclear charge, low electronegativity, and low ionization energy.Metals are highly malleable and have high ductility.Metals have high melting points and densities. ![]() Metals are solids under standard conditions, except for mercury.Chemistry Question Pack Passage 7 Question 38Ĭhemistry Question Pack Passage 7 Question 39Ĭhemistry Question Pack Passage 7 Question 40 ![]()
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